Glossary
A
Adhesion (Coating) — The bond strength between a coating and substrate. Controlled by blasting, activation, and process parameters; critical for hard chrome and HVAF/HVOF carbide coatings.
Alloy — A blend of metals designed for desired properties. Used in overlays to match or exceed OEM performance.
Anchor Profile — The blasted surface roughness that promotes coating adhesion.
B
Base Metal (Substrate) — The original parent material onto which weld overlay or coating is applied.
Bead Geometry / Pitch — The shape, overlap, and spacing of each weld pass in overlay. Proper pitch eliminates valleys and ensures full coverage.
Bond Strength — Measured adhesion of coating to substrate, typically 10,000+ psi for HVAF/HVOF and 25,000+ psi for hard chrome.
Brake Anchor — The fixed mounting component that supports brake assemblies and absorbs braking torque.
Build-Up — Restoring lost material dimension through weld metal, plating, or spray prior to final machining.
C
Carbide Coating — A dense, wear-resistant HVAF/HVOF layer made of tungsten or chromium carbide.
Casting vs. Forging — Castings are poured and more prone to porosity; forgings are compressed and tougher; important when selecting coating and welding processes.
Chrome Plating (Hard Chrome) — Industrial chromium deposit restoring wear surfaces.
Chrome Carbide (CrC) — A hard, corrosion-resistant carbide coating used in HVAF/HVOF thermal spray applications.
Cladding — A corrosion-resistant metal bonded during manufacture (distinct from weld overlay used in remanufacture).
Component Traceability — Full documentation of parameters, thickness, and dimensions for every reman job.
Concentricity / Runout (TIR) — The degree to which rotating surfaces share a common axis.
Corrosion Pitting — Localized attack forming small cavities; often repaired by weld overlay and re-chroming.
D
Dilution (Weld Overlay) — Base metal melted into overlay; controlled via parameters to maintain alloy chemistry.
Dimensional Restoration — Bringing worn components back to OEM geometry by welding, plating, or machining.
Distortion — Deformation from thermal stress; minimized through fixturing and preheat.
E
Electrolytic Stripping — Reverse-current process to remove old chrome deposits without harming the base.
Erosion Resistance — Ability to resist material loss from high-velocity flow or particles.
Engineered Repair — Data-driven, documented rebuild exceeding OEM specs; High Tech Reman’s core practice.
F
Fatigue Life — The number of stress cycles a component endures before failure; extended through coatings and overlays.
Feed Rate — Linear speed of weld or machining tool.
Fusion Line — Interface between overlay and substrate; must show full metallurgical bonding.
G
Grinding (Precision) — Abrasive machining to achieve tight tolerances and smooth finishes (typically 4–12 Ra µin).
Grit Blasting — Abrasive prep for coating adhesion; produces required anchor profile.
H
Hard Chrome Plating — Electrochemical process creating a hard, low-friction, corrosion-resistant surface.
Hardness — Material resistance to indentation; determines wear life.
Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) — Region altered by weld heat; properties managed via preheat and cooling.
Heat Input — Total energy per unit length of weld; affects dilution and cracking risk.
Heat Treating / Stress Relief — Controlled heating to remove internal stresses and stabilize structure.
Hoist Rod (Bed Hoist) — The multi-stage hydraulic rods that raise and lower a haul truck dump bed.
HVAF (High-Velocity Air Fuel) — Thermal-spray process using air as oxidizer; lower flame temp, higher velocity, producing dense, low-oxide coatings.
HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel) — Similar to HVAF but with oxygen; produces slightly hotter, more oxidized coatings.
I
Industrial Rollers — Large rotating process rolls (steel, aluminum, paper, roofing) rebuilt via chrome, carbide, or overlay.
Interpass Temperature — Temperature maintained between weld passes to prevent cracking.
L
Lead Time — Time from order to delivery; High Tech Reman emphasizes short, reliable turnaround versus OEM.
Longwall (System or Unit) — A complete underground mining system consisting of powered roof supports, hydraulic cylinders, a shearer, and a conveyor line that extracts coal or ore along a continuous face.
M
Machining — Precision cutting or turning to final dimensions after welding or plating.
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT) — NDE method detecting surface cracks in ferrous materials.
Metallurgical Remanufacturing — Rebuilding that restores base metal integrity, not just surface repair.
Mirror Finish — Ultra-smooth surface (< 4 Ra µin) achieved through polishing or superfinishing.
N
NDT / NDE — Non-Destructive Testing / Evaluation; methods include magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant, and ultrasonic.
O
Overlay (Weld Overlay) — Deposition of new metal layers to restore or enhance surface properties.
Oxidation — Reaction with oxygen; minimized in HVAF coatings due to lower flame temperature.
P
Penetrant Testing (PT) — Also known as dye penetrant testing; a non-destructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking defects such as cracks or porosity using a penetrant to seep into discontinuities in combination with a developer.
Penetration — Depth of weld fusion.
Pivot Shaft (Dozer) — A load-bearing hinge shaft connecting the mainframe and dozer frame, allowing limited oscillating motion as the dozer travels over uneven terrain.
Porosity — Gas pockets in weld or coating; controlled through clean prep and optimized parameters.
Preheat — Heating component before welding to reduce thermal shock.
Q
Quality Control (QC) — Multi-stage inspection ensuring each job meets specification.
R
Remanufacturing — Complete rebuild of a component’s structure and surface to OEM or better condition.
Residual Stress — Internal stress after welding/machining; reduced via stress relief.
Robotic Welding— Automated system providing consistent overlay thickness and bead geometry.
Runout (Total Indicated Runout / TIR) — Total deviation from true rotation axis measured during QA.
S
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) — High-deposition welding process shielded by flux; used for overlays on large parts.
Seal Surface — Critical low-Ra area ensuring hydraulic sealing performance.
Shot Peening — Controlled shot impact to enhance fatigue resistance.
Spalling — Flaking or chipping of coating; prevented through proper prep and application.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) — Combined chemical and stress-induced cracking; mitigated by alloy choice.
Surface Restoration — Returning worn or corroded surfaces to service condition through weld, chrome, or coating.
Suspension Rod — The primary load-bearing rod in a haul truck or off-highway suspension strut cylinder.
T
Thermal Spray Coating — HVAF/HVOF process projecting molten particles to create dense protective layers.
Thickness (Coating) — Height of coating layer, as measured per side (radial).
Thickness Mapping — Verification of uniform coating or overlay thickness.
Tungsten Carbide (WC) — Ultra-hard carbide used in HVAF/HVOF coatings for severe abrasion.
U
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) — NDE method detecting internal flaws.
Uptime — Machine availability; main value of engineered remanufacturing.
W
Wear Resistance — Ability of a material to withstand friction and abrasion.
Weld Overlay (SAW/MIG/TIG) — Metallurgical rebuild adding engineered alloy layers with controlled heat/dilution.
Wheel Hub — The machined housing that holds bearings and connects the wheel to the spindle on a haul truck or wheel loader.
Wheel Spindle — The rotating shaft assembly that supports the haul truck or loader wheel and connects it to the suspension or axle housing.
Weld Procedure Specification (WPS / PQR) — Welding Procedure Specification / Procedure Qualification Record documenting certified processes.
